We have a very right wing cabinet, mainly due to everybody else getting kicked out/ resigning. They are very likely to get kicked out themselves next year, but due to the fixed term parliament law they are basically untouchable until then, so they are getting as much shit done as they can before they get replaced.
In the UK tax is deducted ‘at source’ by your employer for anybody employed. You have a personal tax code, which tells your employer how much tax to deduct and pay on you behalf.
You then have a number of allowances you can claim against if you are eligible, to reduce your tax, which issues you an updated tax code.