

ARM was European. Until its shareholders agreed for it to be acquired by SoftBank.
That’s a large part of the problem, I think: shareholders and “number must go up!” mentality can change a company’s nation of ownership/influence overnight. And a private European company can choose to go public on a foreign stock exchange (eg. Spotify).
If a viable competitor to Intel or AMD was to come into being in Europe, there’s currently nothing* stopping its shareholders selling the company to non-European venture capital whenever they want (eg. ARM).
*There is usually a competition or monopoly regulator, but they typically have no teeth, have been captured by industry interests, or have to bow to political pressure.
Same here. And the reasons you mention are exactly the reason I deleted that account a few years ago when I switched to Fastmail.
A couple of my friends are willing to put up with it, but always mention the volume of spam they deal with.
I’ve had my new email address for 6-odd years and only have one regular spam source - from a hack of an online shop - but as I used a username+shopname email alias for it, it’s easy to detect and automatically handle.
Now I use Fastmail’s “Masked Email” feature for each online account. When (not if) a site gets hacked, I just change the site to use a new masked address and block/delete the old one, and then it’s useless to scammers/spammers.