It’s also a product of poor government funding models. We have universal healthcare in my country, and it works great for anything hospital-related. But GPs had the amount they get paid by the government frozen for nearly a decade as costs continued to rise, and once unfrozen, no effort was made to make up for the lost decade. So GPs are forced to either charge out the arse for private fees, or operate on a ruthless patient-unfriendly schedule to maximise throughput just to be able to make ends meet.